5 Methods for Brick Arch Construction
Brick arches are a timeless architectural feature that can add beauty and character to any building. Constructing a brick arch requires careful planning and execution, but with the right methods and techniques, anyone can create a stunning arch that lasts for years to come. In this article, we will explore different construction methods for brick arches and provide tips for maintenance, repair, and sustainability.
#1 Preparing the Site and Foundation
Site preparation and foundation are crucial aspects of any construction project, including brick arch construction. Neglecting these essential steps can result in the arch’s instability, compromising its structural integrity and even posing a safety risk.
Here are the key considerations and techniques involved in site preparation and foundation for brick arch construction.
- ▸ Assessment of ground conditions: It is essential to evaluate the soil type, composition, and density to determine the best foundation design that can support the structure’s weight.
- ▸ Area excavation: Excavation is also crucial, and the foundation must have dimensions at least six inches wider than the arch’s base. The excavation depth and width should correspond to the site’s soil and drainage conditions to avoid potential issues.
- ▸ Materials selection: Choosing appropriate materials for the construction of the foundation is equally important, as materials must withstand load capacity, soil conditions, and the arch’s design. Common foundation materials include concrete, reinforced masonry, or both.
- ▸ Foundation leveling: Achieving a level and smooth foundation is essential to maintain the stability of the arch and simplify the construction process. By following these guidelines, builders can ensure the longevity and strength of their brick arch structures, including semi-circular arches, concrete block arches, architectural elements, horizontal beams, tensile stresses, and mortar joints.
#2 Building the Arch Formwork or Template
Building the arch formwork or template is an essential step in brick arch construction. It is especially important when constructing arches with irregular shapes, as it provides a guide for the bricklayers to follow.
Depending on the construction method chosen, a formwork or template may need to be built to guide the placement of the bricks. The formwork or template should be carefully designed and constructed to ensure the desired arch shape is achieved. The template can be made using materials such as plywood or steel, and the design must be customized to fit the specific arch being constructed.
Types of Formworks Used for Brick Arch Construction
Formwork or templates are used to support the bricks during the construction of a brick arch. There are several types of formworks or templates used for brick arch construction, including:
- Centering or wooden templates: These are temporary structures made of wood or steel that support the bricks during construction. They are usually made to the exact size and shape of the arch and can be easily dismantled and reassembled.
- Hinged formwork: These are formworks that are hinged at the top and can be adjusted to form different shapes of arches. They are made of wood or steel and are ideal for arches with complex shapes.
- Flexible formwork: These are made of flexible material such as rubber or PVC and can be easily molded into different shapes. They are ideal for arches with irregular shapes or complex curves.
- Composite formwork: These are made of a combination of materials such as wood, steel, and plastic. They are ideal for arches with complex shapes and can be easily customized to fit different shapes.
- Prefabricated formwork: These are pre-made formworks that are manufactured off-site and can be easily transported and assembled on-site. They are ideal for arches with standard sizes and shapes.
The type of formwork used for brick arch construction depends on the complexity of the arch, the available resources, and the skill level of the workers.
#3 Laying the Brickwork
Laying the brickwork requires precision to ensure the bricks are evenly placed, and the arch’s shape is achieved. Prepare the mortar mix and ensure it fits the project’s specific conditions. Lay the bricks on the template or formwork in a pattern to create the desired arch shape. Check each brick for level and plumb to ensure the arch’s evenness and symmetry. Use the appropriate techniques when laying the bricks and continually check the arch’s evenness and balance.
#4 Cutting the Arch Keystone
The arch keystone is critical because it’s the final brick for locking the other bricks in place. Create a template or pattern that matches the exact shape of the arch, and use it to guide the cutting of the keystone. Use a high-quality diamond saw to cut the keystone to the required size and shape. Place it at the top of the arch, ensure it fits snugly into place, and that the surrounding bricks are securely locked. Apply the mortar.
#5 Removing the Formwork
Removing the formwork or template is the final step in the construction of a brick arch. This method allows the arch to take on its final shape and appearance. However,execute with great care to avoid damaging the arch and undoing all the hard work.
The first step in removing the formwork or template is to assess the arch’s stability. The arch must be strong enough to support itself before the formwork or template is removed. If the arch is not stable, leave the formwork or template in place for a few more days until the mortar has cured.
Once the arch is stable, remove the formwork or template carefully. The process should begin at the bottom of the arch and work upwards, ensuring that the bricks are not disturbed or dislodged. If necessary, use a hammer or chisel to gently tap away any excess mortar or debris.
Sustainability and Environmental Impact of Brick Arch Construction
Brick arch construction can have a significant environmental impact, from the extraction of raw materials to the energy required for manufacturing and transportation. However, there are ways to reduce this impact and ensure sustainability in brick arch construction. Some techniques include using reclaimed or recycled bricks, incorporating insulation for energy efficiency, and minimizing waste during the construction process. Additionally, choosing the proper construction methods and designs can further reduce the environmental footprint of brick arch construction.
Conclusion
In conclusion, building a brick arch requires careful planning, execution, and consideration of various factors such as design, materials, and construction methods. By choosing the right approach and techniques, anyone can create a beautiful, durable, and long-lasting brick arch that adds character and charm to any building. Moreover, prioritizing sustainability and minimizing the environmental impact of brick arch construction can ensure that this timeless architectural feature continues to thrive for generations to come.
FAQs for Brick Arch Construction Methods
What are the different types of brick arches?
The most common brick arches are circular arches, segmental arches, gothic arches, and elliptical arches.
What factors should I consider when choosing a construction method for a brick arch?
Factors to consider include the span of the arch, the height of the arch, the load-bearing capacity, aesthetic considerations, and cost and time considerations.
Can other materials besides brick be used to construct a brick arch?
Yes, stone, concrete, glass, and timber are all viable alternatives to brick.
How do I maintain and repair a brick arch?
Regular maintenance can help prevent cracking, spalling, and efflorescence. If damage does occur, it’s essential to address it as soon as possible to avoid further damage.
What are some sustainable construction methods for brick arches?
Sustainable construction methods for brick arches include using recycled bricks, lime mortar instead of cement mortar, and designing the arch to contribute to a building’s energy efficiency.