Types of Brick Arches in Construction

If you’re interested in architecture and construction, you’ve likely come across brick masonry arches. Brick arches have been an integral part of architecture for centuries, and their importance lies in both their structural and aesthetic value.

There are many types of brick arches that provide a sturdy support system and add a timeless charm to buildings, making them a popular choice for architects and builders alike.

In this 5 minute read from the professionals at A&X Masonry, we’ll explore the several types of brick masonry arches and their sustainability.

Types of Brick Arches

Brick masonry arches are a common feature in architectural design that have been used for centuries. Here are the ten main types of brick arches, each with unique characteristics and applications.

▸Segmental Arch

The segmental arch is a type of brick arch that has a shallow curve. It is one of the most common types of arches used in residential and commercial buildings due to its simplicity and ease of construction.

The shape of the segmental arch is derived from a segment of a circle, which makes it relatively easy to construct using standard-sized bricks (you don’t have to use special arch bricks).

The shallow curve of the segmental arch provides good structural support, making it ideal for supporting light loads, such as those found in doorways and windows. Overall, the segmental arch is a simple and practical choice for builders looking for an efficient and effective way to incorporate arches into their construction projects.

▸Semi-Circular Arch

A semicircular arch is a type of brick arch that has a shape resembling half of a circle. This type of arch has a radius that is equal to half of the span (the distance between its supports), and it forms a perfect semicircle from one support to the other. They provide strong structural support by evenly distributing the weight above the arch down to the supports or columns at either side.

This arch shape has been used for centuries and can be found in many different styles of architecture, including Roman and Romanesque architecture.

The semi circular arch is a simple yet elegant architectural element that is both aesthetically pleasing and structurally sound. It is created by using a series of wedge-shaped blocks called voussoirs or brick voussoirs that are arranged in a semi-circular pattern. The center of the arch is called the keystone, and it is typically the last stone to be placed during construction. The keystone helps to distribute the weight of the arch evenly and provides stability to the structure.

The semi-circular arch has been used in many famous buildings throughout history, such as the Roman Colosseum and the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela in Spain. It is a versatile architectural feature that can be used in a variety of contexts, from grand public buildings to humble homes.

▸Flat Arch (Jack Arch)

A flat arch, also known as a jack arch, is a type of architectural brick wall arch used for support over openings like windows and doors. Unlike the semi-circular arch, which has a curved shape, the flat arch is a horizontal, straight arch, creating a sort of brick arch lintel.

It is created by placing a series of wedge-shaped blocks, called voussoirs, horizontally across the opening, supported on either side by vertical masonry or columns. The flat arch derives its strength from the principle of the “keystone,” which is the central block in the arch that holds the other blocks in place.

Flat arches are commonly found in architecture from the classical to modern periods. They are especially common in Georgian and Victorian buildings, where they were used extensively to span the openings of large windows and doors. The jack arch can also be used in conjunction with other arch types, such as the segmental arch, to create a more complex and visually interesting design.

▸Pointed Arch

A pointed arch, also known as a lancet arch, is a distinctive architectural feature characterized by its pointed, triangular shape at the top of the arch. This type of arch is commonly found in Gothic architecture and is often used to create a sense of height and verticality in a building’s design.

The pointed arch can also be created by using wedge-shaped blocks, called voussoirs, that are tapered towards the center of the arch.

The central point of the arch, also known as the apex, allows the arch to distribute weight more evenly across its supports, allowing for greater structural stability. This innovation in arch design and arch construction techniques enabled architects to create taller and more complex structures, such as the soaring spires and ribbed vaults that are characteristic of Gothic architecture.

▸Horseshoe Arch

A horseshoe arch is a type of arch characterized by its curved, horseshoe-like shape. This arch design was commonly used in Islamic and Moorish architecture, particularly in the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa during the medieval period.

Horseshoe arches can be found in a variety of Islamic and Moorish structures, including mosques, palaces, and fortresses. They were often used to create grand entrance ways and interior spaces, where they conveyed a sense of elegance and sophistication.

One of the defining features of the horseshoe arch is its pointed apex, which is higher than the arch’s springing points, where the arch meets its supports. This design element is thought to have been influenced by Islamic calligraphy, which often features exaggerated curves and points. The horseshoe arch is also notable for its decorative arch details, with intricate carvings and ornamental motifs often used to embellish the arch and its surroundings.

▸Parabolic Arch

A parabolic arch is a type of arch that has a parabolic curve, which is a curve that is formed by the intersection of a cone with a plane parallel to its side. This type of arch provides enhanced structural support, making it a popular choice for modern bridges and other large-scale constructions.

One of the advantages of the parabolic arch is its versatility. It can be used in a variety of architectural contexts, from modern bridges to ancient Roman aqueducts. The parabolic arch has also been used in the design of stadiums, where its shape allows for unobstructed views of the playing field from all angles.

Another advantage of the parabolic arch is its aesthetic appeal. The smooth, flowing curve of the arch creates a sense of elegance and grace that is often associated with modern design.

▸Relieving Arch

A relieving arch is a type of architectural element that is often found in historical constructions. It is a secondary arch that is hidden behind or above a primary arch, and its purpose is to help distribute weight and reduce stress on the primary arch.

Relieving arches are typically used in structures that require a large, unsupported span, such as medieval castles and cathedrals. The primary arch bears the weight of the structure, but the stress of the weight can cause the arch masonry to sag or fail over time. The relieving arch is placed behind or above the primary arch and is designed to redistribute the weight of the structure, reducing stress on the primary arch and ensuring its stability over time.

Relieving arches are often hidden from view and are not readily visible in the design of a building. They are typically located within the structure, either above or behind the primary arch, and are not visible from the exterior. This makes them a subtle yet important element of architectural design, as they provide critical structural support without detracting from the overall aesthetic of the building.

One of the advantages of the relieving arch is its ability to help distribute weight and reduce stress on the primary arch without adding significant weight or complexity to the structure. This makes it a cost-effective and efficient solution for structures that require large unsupported spans.

▸Elliptical Arch

An elliptical arch is a type of arch characterized by its elliptical curve. It is a popular architectural feature that is frequently used in Baroque and Rococo architecture.

The elliptical arch is created by using a series of wedge-shaped blocks, called voussoirs, that are arranged in an elliptical shape. The elliptical curve is formed by two centers that are located on the arch’s major and minor axes. The result is a graceful, elongated curve that is often associated with elegance. The elliptical arch has been used in a wide range of architectural structures, including grand public buildings, palaces, and churches.

In addition, one of the advantages of the elliptical arch is its versatility. It can be used in a variety of architectural contexts, from grand public buildings to humble homes. The elliptical arch is also known for its strength and stability, as the elongated shape allows for greater weight distribution and reduces stress on individual points.

Its versatility, strength, and aesthetic appeal make it a popular choice for architects and designers around the world, and it continues to inspire new innovations in architectural design today.

▸Ogee Arch

An ogee arch is a type of arch characterized by its double-curved shape that forms an S-shape. This type of arch is typically found in Gothic Revival architecture, where it is used to create a sense of movement and fluidity in the design.

The ogee arch is created by using a series of wedge-shaped blocks, called voussoirs, that are arranged in a double-curve shape. The upper curve is concave, while the lower curve is convex, creating an S-shape that is both visually striking and structurally sound. The ogee arch is often used in conjunction with other Gothic architectural elements, such as buttresses and ribbed vaults, to create a cohesive and visually interesting design.

One of the advantages of the ogee arch is its versatility.It can be used in a variety of architectural contexts, from grand public buildings to humble homes.

Another advantage of the ogee arch is its aesthetic appeal. The flowing, S-shaped curve of the arch creates a sense of movement and fluidity that is often associated with Gothic and Gothic Revival architecture. In addition, the ogee arch can be easily adapted to suit a wide range of structural and aesthetic requirements, making it a popular choice for architects and designers around the world.

▸Trefoil Arch

A trefoil arch is a type of arch characterized by its three-lobed shape, which is often compared to the shape of a clover leaf. This type of arch is typically used as a decorative element in Gothic architecture.

The trefoil arch is created by using a series of wedge-shaped blocks, called voussoirs, that are arranged in a three-lobed shape. The lobes are often of equal size and are arranged symmetrically around a central point, creating a harmonious and visually striking design.

The trefoil arch is often used in conjunction with other Gothic architectural elements, such as buttresses and ribbed vaults, to create a cohesive and visually interesting design.

One of the advantages of trefoil arch is its association with Gothic Revival architecture, which are characterized by their ornate decoration and dramatic use of light and shadow. The trefoil arch can be used to create a sense of depth and dimensionality, adding to the visual interest of the building’s design.

Applications and Uses of Brick Masonry Arches

Brick masonry arches have been used in various architectural styles and continue to be adapted for modern applications. Excellent load-bearing capacity, durability, and fire resistance provide greater design flexibility compared to many other structural elements.

From Roman aqueducts to Gothic cathedrals, brick masonry arches can be found in numerous historical constructions worldwide. Today, architects and engineers continue to incorporate brick masonry arches into their designs, often for their structural benefits or as a nod to traditional aesthetics.

Are Brick Masonry Arches Sustainable?

Environmental considerations play a role in the use and construction of brick masonry arches. Brick masonry arches are made from natural materials, making them environmentally friendly. Additionally, their durability and low maintenance requirements contribute to their sustainability. Using locally sourced materials, employing energy-efficient construction techniques, and incorporating recycled bricks can further enhance the sustainability of brick masonry arches.

However, for a brick archway to last, it needs to be built correctly. That’s why it’s important to hire a professional masonry contractor when building a brick arch.

If you’re in the Dallas, Texas area, give us a call at A&X Masonry. We are brick construction and brick repair experts and would be happy to provide you with a FREE quote on your project. Fill out the form below to get a discount and we’ll get in touch as soon as possible!

Conclusion

Understanding the various types of brick masonry arches and their applications in architecture and engineering is essential for professionals in the field. By considering the advantages, limitations, and environmental impact of these structures, architects and engineers can make informed decisions about the use of brick masonry arches in their projects. Whether you’re interested in historical architecture or modern construction techniques, brick masonry arches are a fascinating and essential element of the built environment.

FAQs for Brick Masonry Arches Types

What are the most common types of brick masonry arches?

Some common types include the segmental arch, semi-circular arch, flat arch (jack arch), pointed arch, and horseshoe arch. Read this article to learn more about the different types of brick masonry arches.

What are the advantages of using brick masonry arches in construction?

Brick masonry arches offer excellent load-bearing capacity, durability, fire resistance, and design flexibility. Read this article to learn more about the advantages and limitations of brick masonry arches.

What are some common issues with brick masonry arches, and how can they be addressed?

Cracking, spalling, and efflorescence are common problems that can be addressed through regular inspections, cleaning, and timely repairs. Read this article to discover more about the brick arch repair, maintenance and preservation techniques used for brick masonry arches.

How can the sustainability of brick masonry arches be improved?

Using locally sourced materials, employing energy-efficient construction techniques, and incorporating recycled bricks can enhance the sustainability of brick masonry arches.

What are some examples of brick masonry arches in different architectural styles?

Brick masonry arches can be found in various styles, such as Roman and Romanesque (semi-circular arch), Gothic (pointed arch), Islamic and Moorish (horseshoe arch), and Baroque and Rococo (elliptical arch). Read this article to explore more examples of brick masonry arches in different architectural styles.

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